Did the Berlin Conference Really Carve Up Africa?
The meeting of 1884–85 is blamed for the borders of a continent. The record shows something more interesting, and more uncomfortable.
The meeting of 1884–85 is blamed for the borders of a continent. The record shows something more interesting, and more uncomfortable.
It is one of history’s most uncomfortable debates: who sold, who bought, and who made the trade possible.
It is one of history’s favourite jokes about the past. It is also one of the most carefully manufactured myths of the nineteenth century.
Coal, colonies, culture or cheap labour: historians still disagree about why the machine age began where it did.
In 1897 a British force burned Benin City and carried away thousands of works. The question of who should keep them is still being argued.
It was among the worst defeats the British Army suffered in the colonial era. Within six months the Zulu kingdom was broken.
A thousand years of European history got a bad name from people who wanted to look bright by comparison.
The largest stone ruins in sub-Saharan Africa were credited to the Queen of Sheba, Phoenicians and anyone but the Africans who built them.
Half of Europe’s labour force vanished. For some who survived, that created a bargaining power they had never had.
No witches were burned. Nineteen people were hanged, one was crushed, and the causes were closer to politics than to superstition.
The tyrant with the complex is one of history’s most durable jokes. It begins with a conversion error and a very good propaganda campaign.